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May 22, 2012 |
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Image:IrisMurdoch.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Dame Iris Murdoch Jean Iris Murdoch Order of the British Empire|DBE (July 15, 1919 – February 8, 1999) was an England|Anglo–Ireland|Irish writer and Philosophy|philosopher, best known for her novels, which combine rich characterization and compelling plotlines, usually involving Ethics|ethical or sexual themes. Her first published novel, Under the Net, was selected in 2001 by the editorial board of the United States|American Modern Library as one of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. Murdoch was the focus of Richard Eyre's biopic, Iris (2001 movie)|Iris, which told the story of her decline into Alzheimer's disease through the eyes of her husband, John Bayley, while living in North Oxford. Murdoch was born in Dublin, Ireland. She read classics, ancient history, and philosophy at Somerville College, Oxford, and philosophy as a postgraduate at Newnham College, Cambridge, where she studied under Ludwig Wittgenstein. In 1948, she became a fellow of St Anne's College, Oxford. She wrote her first novel, Under The Net in 1954, having previously published essays on philosophy, including the first study in English of Jean-Paul Sartre. It was at University of Oxford|Oxford in 1956 that she met and married Bayley, a professor of English literature and also a novelist. She went on to produce 25 more novels and other works of philosophy and drama until 1995, when she began to suffer the early effects of Alzheimer's disease, which she at first attributed to writer's block. Murdoch was awarded the Booker Prize in 1978 for The Sea, the Sea, a finely detailed novel about the power of love and loss, featuring a retired actor who is overwhelmed by jealousy when he meets his erstwhile lover after several decades apart. In 1987, she was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire. Murdoch was strongly influenced by Plato|Plato, Sigmund Freud|Freud and Sartre|Sartre. Her novels are by turns intense and bizarre, filled with dark humor and unpredictable plot twists, undercutting the civilized surface of the usually upper-class milieu in which her characters are observed. She often included atypical gay characters in her fiction, most notably in The Bell (1958) and A Fairly Honourable Defeat (1970). She also frequently wrote about a powerful and almost demonic male "enchanter" who imposes his will on the other characters — a type of man Murdoch is said to have modeled on her lover, the Nobel Prize|Nobel laureate, Elias Canetti. Although she wrote primarily in a realistic manner, on occasion Murdoch would introduce ambiguity into her work through a sometimes misleading use of symbolism, and by mixing elements of fantasy within her precisely described scenes. The Unicorn (1963) can be read and enjoyed as a sophisticated Gothic_novel|Gothic romance (genre)|romance, or as a novel with Gothic trappings, or perhaps as a brilliant parody of the Gothic mode of writing. The Black Prince (1973) is a remarkable study of erotic obsession, and the text becomes more complicated, suggesting multiple interpretations, when subordinate characters contradict the narrator and the mysterious "editor" of the book in a series of afterwords. Several of her works have been adapted for the screen, including the British television series of her novels An Unofficial Rose and The Bell. J. B. Priestley dramatized her 1961 novel, A Severed Head, which was directed by Richard Attenborough in 1971, and starred Ian Holm. Richard Eyre's film, Iris (2001 film)|Iris (2001), based on her husband's memoir of his wife as she developed Alzheimer's disease, following her death in 1999. The film starred Dame Judi Dench and Kate Winslet respectively as the old and young Murdoch. Murdoch was criticized in 2003 by the British writer A.N. Wilson in his Iris Murdoch as I Knew Her, a book described by The Guardian as "mischievously revelatory" and "quite spectacularly rude," and described by Wilson himself as an "anti-biography," http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/biography/story/0,6000,1034600,00.html in which he wrote of her promiscuity and disloyalty, that she "thrived on acts of betrayal", was cruel, and was "prepared to go to bed with almost anyone", (Wilson 2003). http://books.guardian.co.uk/reviews/biography/0,6121,1036391,00.html Fiction
Philosophy
Plays
Poetry
Category:1919 births|Murdoch, Iris Category:1999 deaths|Murdoch, Iris Category:Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge|Murdoch, Iris Category:Booker Prize winners|Murdoch, Iris Category:British dramatists and playwrights|Murdoch, Iris Category:Dames Commander of the British Empire|Murdoch, Iris Category:English novelists|Murdoch, Iris Category:English poets|Murdoch, Iris Category:Fellows of St Anne's College, Oxford|Murdoch, Iris Category:Former students of Somerville College, Oxford|Murdoch, Iris Category:Irish people in Great Britain|Murdoch, Iris Category:Natives of County Dublin|Murdoch, Iris Category:People buried in Kensal Green Cemetery|Murdoch, Iris Category:British women|Murdoch, Iris Category:Women writers|Murdoch, Iris bg:?????????? ???????????? es:Iris Murdoch he:???????????? ?????????? nl:Iris Murdoch This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Iris Murdoch".
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