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May 22, 2012 |
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Image:Juanaaragon1479.jpg|thumb|250pix|Joanna of Castile Joanna (Spanish: Juana) (November 6, 1479 – April 12, 1555), called the Mad (La Loca), kings of Castile|queen of Castile and mother of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V, was the second daughter of Ferdinand II of Aragon|Ferdinand and Isabella I of Castile|Isabella, king and queen of Spain, and was born at Toledo, Spain|Toledo on November 6, 1479. Her youngest sister was Catherine of Aragon, the first wife of Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII. In 1496 at Lille, Joanna was married to the archduke Philip I of Castile|Philip the Handsome, son of the German King Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I, and at Ghent in February 1500, she gave birth to future emperor Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V. The death of her only brother John, of her eldest sister Isabella of Asturias, queen of Portugal, and then of the latter's infant son Miguel, made Joanna the heiress of the Spanish kingdoms, and in 1502 the cortes of Castile and of Aragon recognized her and her husband as their future sovereigns. Soon after this, Joanna's reason began to give way. She pined in an extravagant fashion for her absent husband, whom at length she joined in Flanders; in this country her passionate jealousy, although justified by Philip's conduct, led to deplorable scenes. Her mother's death left Joanna Queen of Castile in November of 1504. She and Philip set sail from Flanders to Spain, where he would assume the kingship as her husband. Their ships were wrecked on the English coast and the couple became guests of Henry VII of England|Henry VII at Windsor Castle. After they continued their trip to Spain, they landed at Coruna in 1506 and started their trip south for the coronation. Ferdinand, her father, claimed that Joanna was being kept prisoner by Philip and that he was speaking for her, and therefore he should be made co-regent with her. This conflict threatened to lead to civil war. However, Philip unexpectedly died due to typhus fever in Burgos in September 1506. Joanna became completely deranged — it was almost impossible to get her away from the corpse of her husband. Image:Juana la Loca.jpg|right|frame|300pix|F.Pradilla Ortiz: Juana la Loca Depicts Queen Joanna in vigil over her husband's coffin Ferdinand's way to the kingship was cleared. Ferdinand convinced Joanna to grant him co-regency, and, in turn, kept her isolated in the castle of Tordesillas. After his death in 1516, her son Charles laid claim to the co-regency. Joanna was kept prisoner at Tordesillas, however, with the revolt of the comuneros she had a chance to resume her sole sovereignty but failed to take it. When Charles succeeded in quelling the uprising, Joanna was locked up for good in a windowless room in the castle of Tordesillas for the rest of her life. She died on Good Friday, April 12, 1555. Joanna was the last of the original Spanish royals; after her, all royalty on the Spanish throne was from houses that came from abroad. Most historians believe she suffered from schizophrenia, and this weakness was ruthlessly exploited by the people closest to her: her husband, her father, and her son. She had no friends or confidants. They all lied to her, kept her in the dark (metaphorically and literally), and used her unscrupulously for their own power plays. Locked away and imprisoned, she was needed by each of them to legitimize the claim to the throne. Nominally, Joanna remained queen of Castile until her death. She is entombed in the Capilla Real of Granada, alongside her parents, her husband, and her nephew Miguel. She had six children:
Joanna in literature, art, music, and film The figure of Queen Joanna attracted authors, composers, and artists of the romanticism|romanticist movement, due to her characteristics of unrequited love, obsessive jealousy, and undying fidelity. Many later authors have followed this trend of portraying Joanna as a lovesick, and later griefstricken, woman, preferring to focus on her love for her husband than on her mental illness. An incomplete list of these works follows:
Biographies
References Miller T: The Castles and the Crown. Coward-McCann, New York, 1963 start box s-hou|House of Trastamara|November 6|1479|April 12|1555 s-reg s-bef|before=Isabella of Castile|Isabella I s-ttl|title=Queen of List of Monarchs of Castile|Castile and List of Monarchs of Leon|Le??n|years=1504-1555|regent1=Philip I of Spain|Philip I|years1=1504–1506|regent2=Ferdinand II of Aragon|Ferdinand V|years2=1508–1516|regent3=Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles I|years3=1516–1555 s-aft|after=Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles I end box Category:1479 births|Castile, Joanna of Category:1555 deaths|Castile, Joanna of Category:Castilian monarchs Category:Queens regnant ca:Joana I de Castella de:Johanna von Kastilien es:Juana I de Castilla fr:Jeanne Ire d'Espagne it:Giovanna di Castiglia nl:Johanna van Kastili?? ja:????????? (???????????????????????????) pt:Joana I de Castela ru:???????????? ???????????????? sv:Johanna den vansinniga This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Juana of Castile".
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