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Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma Wikipedia

Infobox_Biography |
subject_name = Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma |
image_name = Marie Luise.jpg |
image_caption = |
date_of_birth = 12 December 1791 |
place_of_birth = Vienna, Austria |
dead=dead|
date_of_death = 17 December 1847 |
place_of_death = Parma, Italy

Marie Louise (December 12, 1791 - December 17, 1847), the second wife of Napoleon I of France|Napol??on Bonaparte and Empress of the France|French, also became the sovereign List of Dukes of Parma|Duchess of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla.

Her Imperial and Royal Highness Maria Luisa Leopoldine Franziska Theresia Josepha Lucia, Princess Imperial and Archduchess of Austria, Princess Royal of Hungary and Bohemia, Princess of Tuscany, Duchess of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla was born in Vienna, the daughter of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor and of his second wife, Maria Theresa of the Two Sicilies.

On March 11, 1810, Marie Louise married Napol??on by proxy, with a subsequent ceremony taking place in the chapel of the Louvre on 1 April 1810 . The bride's father intended the marriage to strengthen links between the Austrian Empire and the France of the First French Empire. Napoleon sought the validation and legitimation of his Empire by marrying into one of the oldest ruling families of traditional Europe. He also hoped to cement his position by fathering a legitimate heir, and on March 20, 1811, the Empress gave birth to a son, Napoleon II of France|Napol??on Fran??ois Joseph Charles Bonaparte, styled King of Rome and later Duke of Reichstadt. The Empress acted as regent from 1812 to 1813 during her husband's absence in the Napoleon's invasion of Russia| Russian campaign.

After Napoleon's abdication in April 1814, Marie Louise and her son fled Paris to Blois then to Vienna, where she remained until the Treaty of Paris (1814)|Treaty of Paris of April 30, 1814 gave her the List of Dukes of Parma|duchies of Parma, List of Dukes of Parma|Piacenza, and List of Dukes of Parma|Guastalla, with her son as heir. However, in 1815, the Congress of Vienna revised this arrangement and made her Duchess of Parma for her life only, with the details of who would become Duke of Parma after her death unspecified. In 1817, a treaty was signed which would leave the duchies to the House of Bourbon|Bourbons. However, in 1844 it was said that Guastalla would go to the List of Dukes of Modena|Dukes of Modena.

In 1821, four months after Napoleon's death, she married, Morganatic marriage|morganatically, her lover, Adam-Adalbert, Count and Lord of Neipperg (1775 - 1829). The couple had already had two children out of wedlock:

• Albertine, Countess of Montenuovo (1817 - 1867, who married Luigi, Count di Fontanellato)

• Wilhelm Albrecht, Count of Montenuovo, later created Prince of Montenuovo (1819-1895), who married Countess Juliana Batthy??ny von N??met??jv??r).

Marie-Louise and Neipperg subsequently also had a second daughter, Mathilde, Countess of Montenuovo, in 1822.

In 1834 Marie-Louise married, morganatically, her grand chamberlain, Charles-Ren??, Count of Bombelles (1785 - 1856).

Marie Louise, former Empress of the French, died on December 17, 1847 in Parma. Her status as Duchess of Parma and Piacenza passed to Prince Charles of Parma, the grandson of the last reigning Duke of Parma, but the duchy of Guastalla passed to Francis V, Duke of Modena|Duke Francis V of Modena.

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| width="30%" align="center"|Preceded by:<br>Jean Jacques R??gis de Cambac??r??s<br>(titular, actually part of France)
| width="40%" align="center"|List of Dukes of Parma|Duchess of Parma<br>1814-1847
| width="30%" align="center" rowspan="2"|Succeeded by:<br>Charles II of Parma | Charles II Louis
|-
| width="30%" align="center"|Preceded by:<br>Charles Fran??ois Lebrun<br>(titular, actually part of France)
| width="40%" align="center"|List of Dukes of Parma|Duchess of Piacenza<br>1814-1847
|-
| width="30%" align="center"|Preceded by:<br>Part of France
| width="40%" align="center"|List of Dukes of Parma|Duchess of Guastalla<br>1814-1847
| width="30%" align="center"|Succeeded by:<br>List of Dukes of Modena|Ceded to Modena
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Category:1791 births|Marie Louise of Austria
Category:1847 deaths|Marie Louise of Austria
Category:The Bonapartes
Category:Queen consorts
Category:Regents
Category:Dukes of Parma
Category:Empresses|Marie Louise of Austria
Category:Habsburg-Lorraine
Category:Parma
Category:History of France
Category:History of Italy

de:Marie-Louise von ??sterreich
es:Mar??a Luisa de Austria
fr:Marie-Louise d'Autriche
it:Maria Luisa d'Austria
nl:Marie Louise van Oostenrijk
ja:????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
sv:Marie Louise av ??sterrike

Last Modified:   2005-12-19