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May 23, 2012 |
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Mary Leakey (February 6 1913 – December 9 1996) was a United Kingdom|British physical anthropologist, who, along with others, discovered the first skull of a fossil ape on Buvuma Island|Rusinga Island. For much of her career she worked with her husband Louis Leakey in the Oldupai Gorge|Olduvai Gorge, uncovering the tools and fossils of ancient hominines. She also discovered the Laetoli#The footprints|Laetoli footprints. Mary Leakey was born Mary Nicol on February 6, 1913 in London, England. Since her father worked as a painter, the Nicol family would move from place to place, visiting such locations as Italy and France. After a time, the family moved to Dordogne in France. In nearby Cabrerets, Abbe Lemozi was leading an excavation. It was here, her interest in prehistory was sparked. Mary's father died in 1926 and her mother placed her in a Catholic convent from where she was repeatedly expelled. After leaving the convent, she attended lectures for archaeology and geology at the University of London. She entered the field as an illustrator for Dr. Gertrude Canton-Thompson's book, The Desert Fayoum, and through Dr. Canton-Thompson, met Louis Leakey. She showed him her illustrations and he arranged for her to illustrate his book, Adam's Ancestors. They were married in 1936 and had three sons: Jonathan in 1940, Richard Leakey|Richard in 1944, and Philip in 1948. Louis died on October 1, 1972 of a heart attack. Mary died on December 9, 1996 at the age of 83. Her first important excavation was at Hembury Fort in Devon, England in May of 1934. Later that year, Mary performed her own excavation at Jaywick Sands. She also published her first scientific paper. The years 1935 to 1959, spent at Oldupai Gorge|Olduvai Gorge in the Serengeti plains of Northern Tanzania, yielded many stone tools from primitive stone-chopping instruments to multi-purpose hand axes. These finds came from Stone Age cultures dated as far back as 100,000 to two million years ago. The Leakeys unearthed a Proconsul africanus skull, dated to be twenty million years old, on Rusinga Island, in October of 1947. This skull was the first skull of a fossil ape ever to be found and to this day only three of these apes are known. Their next discovery, in 1959, was a 1.75 million-year-old Paranthropus boisei|Australopithecus boisei skull. They also found a less robust Homo habilis skull and bones of a hand. After reconstructing the hand, it was proven the hand was capable of precise manipulation. Many more remains were found at this site. In 1965 the husband and wife team uncovered a Homo erectus skull, dated at one million years old. After Mary's husband passed on, she continued her work at Oldupai Gorge|Olduvai and Laetoli. It was here at the Laetoli site, that she discovered Homo fossils that were more than 3.75 million-years-old. She also discovered fifteen new species and one new genus. From 1978 to 1981 Mary and her staff worked to uncover the Laetoli#The footprints|Laetoli hominid footprint trail which was left in volcanic ashes some 3.6 million years ago. The years that followed this discovery were filled with research at Olduvai and Laetoli, the follow-up work to discoveries and preparing publications. Mary and Louis were jointly awarded the Stopes Medal from the Geological Association in 1955. In March of 1962, the Leakey family took a trip to the United States to receive the Gold Hubbard Medal, the highest honor the National Geographic Society offers. In 1969, she earned her first Honorary Degree from the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg.
Category:1913 births|Leakey, Mary Category:1996 deaths|Leakey, Mary Category:British archaeologists|Leakey, Mary Category:British anthropologists|Leakey, Mary Category:Women scientists|Leakey, Mary de:Mary Leakey fr:Mary Leakey gl:Mary Leakey it:Mary Leakey pl:Mary Leakey fi:Mary Leakey sv:Mary Leakey This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Mary Leakey".
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