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May 23, 2012 |
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Art school modeling involves the posing of a Model (person)|model for students of art. The three most common types of art created using models are figure drawing, figure painting, and sculpture. In the art school classroom setting, the purpose is to learn how to drawing|draw humans of all different shapes, ages, and ethnicities, so there are no real limitations on who the model can be. Children are excluded from modeling for these purposes as they are considered too young to pose. In some cases, the model may pose with various props. While posing, the model is expected to remain motionless, like a mannequin. Although some wavering or "drifting" is expected, the model is generally discouraged from speaking, wriggling, itching, or readjusting during the pose. To accommodate the physical limitations of the model, the instructor or artist may set up a schedule such as 25 minutes on, 10 minutes off. The model's level of experience and skill may be taken into account in determining the length of the posing session and the difficulty of the poses. Poses generally fall into three categories: standing, seated, and reclining. Within each of these there are varying levels of difficulty, so one kind is not always easier than another. Artists and life drawing instructors will often prefer poses in which the body is being exerted, for a more dynamic and aesthetically interesting subject. Common poses such as standing twists, slouched seated poses and especially the classical contrapposto are difficult to sustain accurately for any amount of time. Poses can range in length from several seconds to an hour or more. Short dynamic poses may be used for gesture drawing exercises, with the model striking a pose - which can include strenuous or precarious positions that could not be sustained for a longer pose - just long enough for the artist to quickly capture the essense of it. Active, gestural, or challenging standing poses are often scheduled at the beginning of a session when the models' energy level is highest. Short exercises in drawing classes typically run from 5 to 25 minutes. For extended poses in which the model will take one or more breaks, chalk marks and/or masking tape are often used to help the model resume the same pose. These breaks - during which the model usually wears a robe or puts on clothing - allow the model to stretch and attend to other bodily needs. Image:Nude_modelling.jpg|thumb|Comedian Ruby Wax interviews a nude model Artistic models are often entirely nudity|nude, apart from inconspicuous personal items such as small jewelry. In a job advertisement seeking nude models, this may sometimes be referred to as being "undraped." In Western world|Western countries, there is generally no prohibition on the sexes posing nude for or drawing members of the opposite sex, although this was not always the case in the past. In Victorian morality|Victorian times some art schools allowed female nudes-- but only if their faces were draped. Up into the present day some rare art classes prefer male models to wear a jockstrap. During art school classes or an academic setting, it is commonly prohibited for anyone (including the instructor) to touch or interfere with the model. Very close examination or requests for adjustment are typical-- with the permission of the model. A few institutions allow only the teaching|instructor to speak directly with the model. Policies vary on how to respond when a male model has an involuntary erection while posing. The combination of being unclothed and inactive for an extended period of time can result in the model becoming chilled. For this reason, studios may need to be kept warmer than usual. Loss of circulation is a common problem, especially for beginning models, and is most common during seated poses with the legs crooked, crossed, or folded; some studies indicate a link between prolonged circulation cut-offs and varicose veins. Likewise, the most interesting compositions with the reclining figure can be especially hard on the circulation. Some poses - particularly with the arms raised above the heart for extended periods - can result in nerve and muscle damage, skin discoloration and temporary paralysis. Professional models of some years complain of wear on their joints and cartilage. In addition, environmental hazards such as platforms in disrepair, tacks and other sharp objects, and fumes from turpentine or mineral spirits can be safety concerns. Models are hired by a variety of creative professionals, including not only painters and sculptors, but video game designers, furniture designers, people who craft artificial limbs, etc. This work varies somewhat from modeling for a class. The conventions for this type of modeling are much less well defined, especially as the models are often friends or family. Artists who regularly hire strangers will usually hold to art school standards in order to make models feel more comfortable, and to avoid possible legal issues. Professional artists often have a circle of models they work through, hiring and adding as time passes. When a comfortable working relationship is established, many painters and artists relax their standards and models do the same. Longer poses, more comfortable and casual environments, and more collegial relationships may develop. However, in a professional studio environment, with an artist on a deadline or with commission guidelines, art school and art-model industry standards generally apply, with higher rates of pay and longer, more demanding poses. Category:Art_and_design_workers Category:Nudity Category:Visual_arts This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Model (art)".
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